I think the correct answer is D
Answer:
B) vicarious punishment.
Explanation:
Vicarious punishment is the tendency to avoid some behaviors that had been criticized or had a bad result. In this case, Adam saw that his sister was scolded because of a wrong behavior (to hit another child, in this case). Adam used to do the same, but after realizing that it was a bad thing, then he begins to avoid, just because he saw the consequences in his sister.
The following is missing for the question to be complete:
A. Utilitarianism
B. Social responsibility
C. Consumerism
D. Preconventional morality
E. Distributive justice
Answer: A. Utilitarianism
Explanation: Utilitarianism is the doctrine according to which any procedure, rule, action, is good and useful if it suits the majority. According to this doctrine, the happiness and satisfaction of the majority should be the guide to which rules and norms should be harmonised. So, from the point of view of this doctrine, it is morally wrong to deprive most people of a popular student restaurant. It would be moral to meet the needs of the majority, to make the majority happy, and so the student restaurant would have usefulness, that is utility, hence the name of this doctrine. So the moral decision of what is good and what is wrong is made based on the outcome of the action or decision, and the outcome is good if it satisfies the majority.
Answer:a. Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination
Explanation:
Precontemplation - this is the stage in which people are not inclined towards taking any action to change anytime soon. They are still not convinced that they have a problem or that their behaviour will have a negative outcome. They are more concerned about the negative effect the change will bring to them and not paying attention to the positive results it would bring if they were to change their behaviour.
Contemplation -This is the stage where they start to consider changing in the future, they start to think about it.
Their eyes start to open up to the fact that their behaviour is probably negative. They start to equally evaluate both advantages and disadvantages of changing this behaviour.Eventhough they are thinking about changing their behaviour but at this point they are still resistant towards changing.
Preparation (Determination) - This is the stage where they are ready to start the path towards changing their behaviour within 30 days. They take baby steps because they can now understand that it would be healthy to do so.
Action - now they have acted and want to continue on the same direction they may start engaging in different healthy behaviors .
Maintenance - They working towards ensuring that they don't go back to the same behavior so they striving to make sure they keep what they have achieved.
Termination - this is the stage in which they are truly over their former negative behaviors. They have completely eliminated this behaviour. They are sure they will never return back however it said that this is a difficult stage to reach hence most people stay at the maintenance stage.
