I believe the answer would be pope !
Because of the superior number of Asian armies, European was at disadvantage in fighting inland.Small islands including <u><em>Java</em></u> and those in mainland southeast Asia were also able to resist the Europeans. Realizing their position within Asia, they became submissive, in which they accepted the power of Asian rulers and kowtowed to them in order to be accepted for trade.
The Geography of a country affects it in different ways when
it comes to developments. In relation to the location of other countries Japan
is located far from the mainland Asia hence it took long to interact with other
countries of the world.