Sickle cell disorder is an inherited blood disease featured by defective hemoglobin. The condition affects the hemoglobin, or the red blood cells, and their tendency to conduct oxygen. The normal hemoglobin cells are round, smooth, and flexible, and thus, they can travel via the vessels in the body effortlessly.
On the other hand, the sickle cell hemoglobin cells are sticky and stiff and form a sickle, C shape, when they lose their oxygen. These cells combine together, and cannot effortlessly move through the blood vessels.
Potential energy or stored energy.
Answer:
Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
Explanation:
Helper T cells become activated when they are presented with peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete cytokines that regulate or assist the immune response.
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