The growth of lymphoid tissue in the gut is fueled by TNFa. Because TNF/Rorc(gt)/ mice, who express higher amounts of TNF but lack RORgt+ LTi cells, also generate lymphoid tissue in sites of inflammation, the development of this ectopic lymphoid tissue was not contingent on the presence of conventional RORgt+ LTi cells. Surprisingly, these animals produced a number of lymph nodes that resembled those of wild type animals in both structure and function. When stromal cells were activated during the late stages of embryogenesis and when an organogenic pathway that permitted the formation of lymph nodes was activated, TNF generation by F4/80+ myeloid cells located inside the anlagen was crucial.
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Nonspecific defenses include physical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and interferons. Physical barriers include the intact skin and mucous membranes. These barriers are aided by various antimicrobial chemicals in tissue and fluids.
Nonspecific defenses include anatomic barriers, inhibitors, phagocytosis, fever, inflammation, and IFN. Specific defenses include antibody and cell-mediated immunity.
Answer:
As we move through the visible spectrum, red to violet (from right to left in the image), the wavelength _____ decreases_____ and the frequency ____________. .
Explanation:
On the right side are the infrared waves and on the left the ultraviolet spectrum
The relationship between wavelength and frequency is inversely proportional (longer, shorter and vice versa)
molten rocck near ground water supplies
