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Anika [276]
3 years ago
8

50 points!!! please define the philogenetic species concept and please explain it with an example, it's realy urgent

Biology
2 answers:
pickupchik [31]3 years ago
4 0
Phylogenetic species concept (PSC) The concept of a species as an irreducible group whose members are descended from a common ancestor and who all possess a combination of certain defining, or derived, traits (see apomorphy). ... "phylogenetic species concept." A Dictionary of Biology. .

Or

The biological species concept has its limitations (although it works well for many organisms and has been very influential in the growth ofevolutionary theory). ... In thisexample, Ensatina salamander lineages A and B are separate species.Each has a common ancestor that individuals of other species do not.

I hope that this helps you out

kupik [55]3 years ago
3 0

Some major species concepts are:

Typological (or Essentialist, Morphological, Phenetic) species concept.

Evolutionary species concept.

Biological species concept.

Recognition concept.


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The process of phagocytosis involve all of the following except
evablogger [386]

Hello, I figured your question was missing its options so I went online to find them. Here they are:

The process of phagocytosis involves all of the following EXCEPT :

a. adhesion.

b. secretion of cytotoxins.

c. elimination.

d. vesicle fusion.

e. chemotaxis.

Answer:

The correct answer is: b) secretion of cytotoxins.

Explanation:

Phagocytosis is a mechanism performed by cells in which the plasma membrane engulfs a large particle. Phagocytosis is used by cells in the immune system to ingest pathogens like viruses and bacteria.

Phagocytosis consists of many steps:

  1. activation - the phagocytes that were resting are activated in the inflammatory response when a pathogen enters the body.
  2. chemotaxis  - this refers to the process in which the phagocyte moves to the pathogen by following the chemical factors released by these germs.
  3. adhesion - the phagocyte attaches to the pathogen.
  4. ingestion /vesicle fusion - the phagocyte sends pseudopods to engulf the pathogen, and places it in a phagosome, which is an endocytic vesicle. The phagosome and the phagocyte will fuse so the pathogen gets inside.
  5. elimination - the pathogen is destroyed in the phagocyte by the lysosomes present in it.

<u>The</u><u> secretion of cytotoxins</u><u> is not a part of the phagocytosis, and is a process exclusive to </u><u>T cells</u><u> (leukocytes that lack the ability to phagocyte).</u>

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dimulka [17.4K]
Exchanging oxygen and carbondioxide between air and lungs because it just involves breathing system but everything else involves hormones.........

HOPE IT HELPS !!!
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Answer:

Advanced forms of life existed on earth at least 3.55 billion years ago. In rocks of that age, fossilized imprints have been found of bacteria that look uncannily like cyanobacteria, the most highly evolved photosynthetic organisms present in the world today. Carbon deposits enriched in the lighter carbon-12 isotope over the heavier carbon-13 isotope-a sign of biological carbon assimilation-attest to an even older age. On the other hand, it is believed that our young planet, still in the throes of volcanic eruptions and battered by falling comets and asteroids, remained inhospitable to life for about half a billion years after its birth, together with the rest of the solar system, some 4.55 billion years ago. This leaves a window of perhaps 200-300 million years for the appearance of life on earth.

divine interventionThis duration was once considered too short for the emergence of something as complex as a living cell. Hence suggestions were made that germs of life may have come to earth from outer space with cometary dust or even, as proposed by Francis Crick of DNA double-helix fame, on a spaceship sent out by some distant civilization. No evidence in support of these proposals has yet been obtained. Meanwhile the reason for making them has largely disappeared. It is now generally agreed that if life arose spontaneously by natural processes-a necessary assumption if we wish to remain within the realm of science-it must have arisen fairly quickly, more in a matter of millennia or centuries, perhaps even less, than in millions of years. Even if life came from elsewhere, we would still have to account for its first development. Thus we might as well assume that life started on earth.

How this momentous event happened is still highly conjectural, though no longer purely speculative. The clues come from the earth, from outer space, from laboratory experiments, and, especially, from life itself. The history of life on earth is written in the cells and molecules of existing organisms. Thanks to the advances of cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, scientists are becoming increasingly adept at reading the text.

An important rule in this exercise is to reconstruct the earliest events in life's history without assuming they proceeded with the benefit of foresight. Every step must be accounted for in terms of antecedent and concomitant events. Each must stand on its own and cannot be viewed as a preparation for things to come. Any hint of teleology must be avoided.

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I believe methane is not a greenhouse gas.

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Methane is indeed a fart.

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