A participial phrase contains a participle, which is a verbal form with the endings -ed or -ing (or irregular, such as "written", as in "Written on monday (the piece was famous already on Tuesday)).
here the participle is "noted" and the whole phrase is this one:
Noted for her beauty
Foreshadowing means to give hints of the future. Like in "A Tale of two cities" by Charles Dickens, a man writes "Blood" on the wall, that word represents that there's probably a war coming.
Not getting the praise he needs, this can make him feel like his hard work is for nothing.
Part A:
D, It suggests that the speaker is unhappy or troubled.
Part B:
A, He cannot sleep and needs to get out of the house.
