Answer:
a. The Equal Protection Clause is a clause from the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause provides that "nor shall any State [...] deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws".
Its purpose is to apply substantially more constitutional restrictions against the states than had applied before the Civil War. Hence, in Shaw v. Reno, 509 U.S. 630 (1993), Supreme Court held that redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause while bodies doing redistricting must be conscious of race to the extent that they must ensure compliance with the Voting Rights Act.
While in the case of Easley v. Cromartie, 532 U.S. 234 (2001), Supreme Court held that the State violated the Equal Protection Clause in drawing the 1997 boundaries was based on clearly erroneous findings.
b. In the case of Easley v. Cromartie, an appeal from the decision given in hunt v. Cromartie was filed in the supreme court of the United States by Easley. In hunt v. Cromartie, the court held that the legislature of North Carolina did not use the factor of race while drawing the boundaries in the twelfth congressional district,1992. It was held by the court that the legislature did not violate the equal protection clause of the constitution and no evidence to prove that legislature set its boundaries on a racial basis rather than a political basis.
In Easley v Cromartie the appeal was that drawing the boundaries for voting violated the equal protection clause of the constitution. The supreme court of the United States held that the decision of the district court is erroneous because it actually relied upon racial factors and this is not in the interest of the state.
In Shaw v. Reno the court concluded that the plan of North Carolina tried to segregate the voters on the basis of race.
Answer: Emergent norm theory
Explanation:
Emergent norm theory is defined as the concept in which collective behavior is described. The theory also has some instances which has led to conflicts and violence in some cases but also proves to be a good cause in other matters.People are gathered in the form of crowd to display collective action towards the sudden crisis.
It consist of four forms i.e.- crowd ,mass,social movements and public. Turner and Killian are the researchers that tend to investigate about the norms development when people interact in crowd.
To be a good citizen, you keep up on current events, you vote, and you have a political opinions. A civic duty might be obeying the law or calling 911 in case of emergency. A civic responsibility is showing up to vote and reading the news. It is important for a community to have good citizenship because then people are more involved in government, therefore allowing for the government to work for the common good.
Answer:
<em>Applied Sociology </em>
Explanation:
<em>Applied sociology: </em>The term applied sociology is referred to as one of the branches in sociology that are being defined as using or utilizing the sociological skills, theory, research, and methods to the find-out solution of specific issues related to real-world settings. It uses ways to utilize scientific knowledge for solving practical problems.
<em>The above statement given in the question signifies the applied sociology.</em>