In the α helices of transmembrane proteins, the hydrophobic side chains face the outside of the membrane-spanning helix.
Transmembrane proteins are a type of integral membrane protein that spreads throughout the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins act as gates that allow the transport of certain substances across the membrane.
Transmembrane proteins basically act as gates or docking sites that allow or prevent substances from crossing the cell membrane.
Transmembrane proteins penetrate the entire plasma membrane. Transmembrane proteins are found in all types of biological membranes. Monotopic proteins are permanently attached to the membrane from only one side
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Like organs in an organism, each organelle has a specific function in a cell. All of the organelles work together to carry out the functions of the cell as a whole, just as organs do to an organism. Each organelle contributes to the function of the cell as a whole, and they are essential for the cell's survival.
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Humans aren't the only mammal that is homeothermic. There are several other mammals that are homeothermic as well. When we say homeothermic, we mean that they are able to sustain a constant body temperature regardless of the wide range of environment temperatures. Although, it's impacted within time-to-time. They are able to maintain a steady body temperature, regardless of external temperatures. If you have any questions, ask me! I hope I helped you.<span />
Answer:
In the course of evolution mammals are the animals which are evolved recently as compared to other groups such as fish, amphibians, or reptiles.
In addition, fur or hairs on body, mammary glands, middle ear bone, warm-blood, et cetera are the characteristics of mammals.
These characteristics were evolved during the course of evolution; they were not present in ancestral organisms.
However, tail, gill pouches, et cetera are characteristics of our ancestral groups. Thus, characters can be sometimes observed in mammals.
But mammals characteristics can not be observed in organisms which were evolved before mammals such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, et cetera.