First-pass effect.
The first-pass effect involves drugs that are given PO and absorbed from the small intestine directly into the portal venous system, which delivers the drug molecules to the liver. Once in the liver, enzymes break the drug into metabolites; they may become active or may be deactivated and readily excreted from the body. A large percentage of the oral dose is usually destroyed and never reaches tissues. Oral dosages account for this phenomenon to ensure an appropriate amount of the drug in the body to produce a therapeutic action. Passive diffusion is the major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body. Active transport is a process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
If there was a pattern are formed by the rates of evolution in different lineages then indeed the answer would be B.
<h2>Given statement is false</h2>
Explanation:
According to dispersive model of DNA replication,DNA molecules are hybrids of parental and daughter DNA;In this model each individual strand is a combination of original and new DNA
Meselson and Stahl did an experiment on DNA replication using E.coli bacteria
- E.coli was grown in a medium containing heavy isotope of nitrogen,bacteria took up the nitrogen and used to synthesize new biological molecules,including DNA
- It was grown for many generations,the nitrogenous bases of the bacteria's DNA were all labelled with heavy nitrogen
- Bacteria were then switched to light nitrogen isotope and allowed to grow for several generations
- They then measured the density of the DNA using density gradient centrifugation
- This method separates molecules such as DNA into bands by spinning them at high speeds in the presence of another molecule, such as cesium chloride
- Each DNA produced two DNA molecules each with one new strand and one old strand called semi conservative replication(half of the parental DNA conserved in daughter DNA)
- Each DNA strand act as a template for synthesis of new strand
- Hence,dispersive model of DNA was eliminated and semi-conservative model of DNA replication was proved by the above experiment