C) a system is a set of parts that function together as a whole
<span>Cytotoxic t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat intracellular pathogens, whereas helper t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat extracellular pathogens.
</span>Cytotoxic t-cell are CD8+ cells. Cytotoxic t-cell uses granzymes to <span>kill </span><span>intracellular bacteria, that lives in the cytosol such as viruses. They identify the pathogen forgein peptids that are bounded to MHC-I on the cell surface.
</span>
cd4+ T helper (Th) cells include Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. They contribute to aliergic reactions and fighting extracellular parasites.
Answer:
Each have adapted in very similar ways to similar habitats.
Explanation:
According to Darwin, given a similar set of conditions, two different organisms can adapt in the same direction. Here, the sugar glider inhabits Australia and the flying squirrel inhabits North America. There is a huge distance between their locations and also they are two different species with no direct evolutionary relation. However, because of the similar conditions present in their habitats, they developed same traits over the time. Both of them live in forested areas so they developed loose skin between their limbs which allowed them to glide freely between the trees.
Answer:
List and explain the three major parts of the ecosphere?
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Explanation:
Atmosphere compose of air gas that exist in part of the ecosphere
Biosphere entails the living organism that forms a part of the ecosphere
Hydrosphere entails the part of ecosphere filled with water or liquid
Answer:
a) 0.1 mL
b) contamination
c) clumping of colonies
d) Uneven colonies
Explanation:
In general, when performing spread plates, 0.1 mL
mL of cell suspension is added to the plate to prevent the formation of a microbial contamination
Adding more than 1 mL of cell suspension to an agar plate will result in a clumping of colonies.
Adding less than 1 mL of cell suspension to an agar plate will result in a Uneven colonies
