Question

Patients with severe, uncontrolled diabetes can eventually suffer kidney failure. Jack works in a laboratory that is attempting to grow healthy kidney cells from embryonic cells. From which part of an embryo would jack derive cells that could eventually become kidney cells

Answer 1

Trophoblast

Explanation:

Trophoblast is that part of an embryo from where jack would derive cells that could eventually become kidney cells

• Stem cells are the cells that have an ability to become various types of cells and are present both during embryonic development (embryonic stem cells) and in the adult body (adult stem cells)
• Sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a single cell called a zygote
• The zygote undergoes a process known as mitosis, in which it replicates its chromosomes (which carry each parent’s DNA) and then divides, resulting in two identical cells
• These cells are called totipotent and have the ability to develop into a new organism,the zygote repeats the process of mitosis for about 5 or 6 days creating a small ball of a few hundred cells called a blastocyst
• The blastocyst has an outer-layer of cells called the trophoblast, which will eventually form the protective placenta
• Inside the trophoblast is a group of cells called the inner cell mass
• The organism in a stage between zygote to fetus is called an embryo and the cells are called embryonic stem cells
• At this point embryonic stem cells have the ability to become a cell for any part of the body (nerve, muscle, blood, etc.),this ability to become any type of cell in the body is called pluripotent
• The difference between totipotent and pluripotent cells is that totipotent cells can give rise to both the placenta and the embryo
• As the embryo grows these pluripotent cells develop into specialized, multipotent stem cells
• Multipotent stem cells have the ability to develop specific types of cells (terminally differentiated cells)