Answer:
Storage and secretion of the hormone. Transport of the hormone to the target cells, tissues, or organs. Recognition of the hormone by an associated cell membrane or an intracellular receptor protein. Relay and amplification of the received hormonal signal via a signal transduction process.
Explanation:
Alternating current electricity. This allowed electricity to flow further than Edison's first DC approach.
Railroads - allowed for transportation of materials to growing small cities, and large cities to become larger.
Antibiotics and antiviral medicines. - stopping deadly diseases and bacteria from spreading. This helped with many problems that would normally terminate 33% of populated areas that are infected.
Transport of a substance from the lumen (cavity) of an organ into one side of a cell and out the other side of the cell into the extracellular fluid is called <u>transcellular transport</u>.
The two routes of transport of substances across the epithelium of the gut are by transcellular method and paracellular method.
Transcellular transport refers to the transport of solutes across a epithelial cell layer through the cells. The best example is the movement of glucose from the intestinal lumen to the extracellular fluid by the epithelial cells. The epithelial cells use the active transport to generate the transcellular transport. Active transport refers to the transport of substances from a region of its lower concentration to a region of its higher concentration against the concentration gradient using cellular energy.
Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.
Answer:
d. The cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan
Explanation:
Bacterial cell wall is made of peptidoglycan or murein. It is made of sugars and amino acids. Sugar component consists of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) alternating residues. A peptide chain of three to five amino acids is attached to NAM.
Gram positive bacteria have thick cell wall made of many peptidoglycan layers. Whereas gram negative bacteria have a thinner layer. The peptidoglycan cell wall is required for the survival of the bacteria hence it is targeted by many antibiotics like penicillin.
