Answer:
Constitutive activation is the alteration of a protein or signaling pathway such that it is functional or engaged even in the absence of an upstream activating event. For example, RasD is constitutively active because it cannot bind GAP and therefore remains in the GTP-bound, active state even when cells are not stimulated by growth factor to activate a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Constitutively active Ras is cancer promoting because cells will proliferate in the absence of growth factors, and thus normal regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation are bypassed.
(a) A mutation that resulted in Smad3 binding Smad4, entering the nucleus, and activating transcription independent of phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptor would render Smad3 constitutively active.
(b) A mutation that made MAPK active as a kinase and able to enter the nucleus without being phosphorylated by MEK would render MAPK constitutively active.
(c) A mutation that prevented NF-KB from binding to IK-B or that allowed NF-KB to enter the nucleus and regulate transcription even when bound to IK-B would render NF-KB constitutively active.
Answer:
i think its 1%
Explanation:
if the grass has 100% energy and only 10% gets passed do that two times and you should have 1% since 1 x 10 is 10
What do you need help with hun
Answer:
a. the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Because it is the site of protein synthesis.
and all of the other organelles have no relation to protein and handling especially peroxisomes which detoxifies h202 and helps with intracellular digestion similar to the lysosomes and microtubules only function is for locomotion of prokaryotic cells and some eukaryotic cells like the sperm cell also they make up spindle fibers used to bind and separate chromosomes/chromatids in mitosis and meiosis.
