Answer: a. testing effect
Explanation:
Testing effect is a type of threat to internal validity of an experiment. Internal validity is assessing whether a factor makes a difference in an experiment or not and if it does, whether there is adequate evidence to support this correlation.
Testing as a threat to internal validity is when a second test is taken on the outcome of a first test. Other internal validity threats are history, maturation, instrument modifications.
Answer: Railroad expansion affected the US economy by creating jobs, establishing a national market, establishing a cattle industry on the Plains, and allowing certain people to acquire great wealth through investing in the railroad.
Explanation:
Answer:
A Persian governor of a province was known as a satrap ("protector of the kingdom" or "keeper of the province")
An amendment can be proposed by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress and then ratified by three-fourths of the states in conventions called for that purpose. A national convention called by Congress at the request of two-thirds of the state legislatures may propose an amendment.
Article V of the Constitution specifies two procedures for proposing amendments to the document. Amendments may be proposed by the Congress, through a two-thirds vote on a joint resolution, or by a convention called by Congress in reaction to applications from two-thirds of state legislatures.
Learn more on amendment -
brainly.com/question/12124635
#SPJ4
Answer:
ExplanationHawkins launched her own electoral career by campaigning as a consumer advocate. In 1972, she became the first woman elected to statewide office in Florida by winning a seat on the Florida Public Service Commission. In 1974, she was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate. The nomination went to businessman Jack Eckerd, who then lost the general election to the Democrat Richard B. Stone. The seat was vacated by the retiring one-term Republican Edward Gurney, with whom Hawkins and others in the Florida party had quarreled in the past. In 1976, Hawkins was reelected to the Public Services Commission despite the Jimmy Carter victory in Florida over U.S. President Gerald R. Ford, Jr. In 1978, she was the Republican candidate for lieutenant governor on the ticket headed by her former intraparty rival Jack Eckerd. They lost to then-State Senator Bob Graham and State Representative Wayne Mixson. In 1980, she defeated former Congressman Bill Gunter to win election to the United States Senate; she was Florida's first woman elected to:
