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1In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass, grasshoppers, sparrows, and hawks, the grasshoppers areprimary consumers. primary producers
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Going by the definition, pioneer species are hardy species which establish themselves in a disrupted ecosystem and trigger the process of ecological succession. These include species like algae, lichens, and mosses, which grow in poor, nutrient-deficient soil, and put up with extreme conditions with immense ease. Most pioneer plants are annuals, i.e., species with a life-cycle of a year, which eventually give way to the emergence of perennials.
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Four ways by which drugs can affect the nervous system are as follows:
Drugs like heroin can mimics the chemical structure of the neurotransmitters. They causes the excess activation of neurons in the brains and affect the nervous system.
Some drugs also mimics the neurotransmitter but causes the abnormal messages sent through the brain. Their mimicry of neurotransmitters cannot activate the neuron but causes the interruption and wrong messaging in the nervous system.
Drugs like cocaine causes the stimulation of release of large number of neurotransmitters. This causes the prevention of recycling of brain chemicals and disturbs the neuron communication.
Some drugs causes the inhibition of release of neurotransmitters in the brain. This stops the signalling of the nervous system and interrupts the chemical messages of the body.
<span>Satiety center of the brain.
We can look at this as the "feeding engine of the brain". The state accomplished when the requirement for nourishment has been fulfilled is called satiety. The satiety focus point in creatures is situated in the ventromedial core of the hypothalamus.</span>
the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of a successful wave is Wavelength. D.
