all human chromosomes have 2 arms, the p (short) arm and the q (long) arm. they are separated from each other only by a primary constriction, the centromere, the point at which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.
the symbol "p" stands for "petit", small in French, while "q" was chosen merely because it was the next letter in the alphabet.
THE OCEANS ARE so vast and deep that until fairly recently, it was widely assumed that no matter how much trash and chemicals humans dumped into them, the effects would be negligible.
