x^2-14x=-42 halve the linear coefficient, square it, add it to both sides, in this case: (14/2)^2=7^2=49, add 49 to both sides
x^2-14x+49=7 now the left side is a perfect square...
(x-7)^2=7 take the square root of both sides
x-7=±√7 add 7 to both sides
x=7±√7
The above is the two solutions, 7+√7 and 7-√7
I am not sure what they mean by the proper form other than perhaps the point when you have a complete square as in the point in the process where you have a perfect square...