Answer:
Gap junctions
Explanation:
The cell to cell communication is a characteristic feature of the multicellular organism which takes place through the special junctions.
The epithelium is a layer of animal cell therefore the junction which allows the passage of small molecules from one cell to another cell is known as Gap junction.
Gap junctions are formed by the arrangement of connexon proteins in the membrane which allows the molecules smaller than the 1000 Da to move between the cells.
Thus, a Gap junction is the correct answer.
The hormones which cause Jane’s problem are the thyroid hormones.
The condition is hypothyroidism
Explanation:
Condition: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder which arises when the thyroid gland cannot produce the necessary amount of thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Both T3 and T4 are tyrosine-based hormones which regulate metabolism and any deficiency slows down the metabolic processes and can result in high cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis
Causes: An underactive thyroid gland and Autoimmune disorder
Diagnosis: Thyroid function tests by measuring serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and T4 levels
In hypothyroidism, the TSH secreted by the pituitary gland will be high because it is producing more hormones to stimulate the underactive thyroid gland.
An underactive thyroid gland cannot produce normal levels of T4 in the body.
Symptoms: Fatigue and weakness, cold intolerance, weight gain and puffy appearance, hair thinning, dry skin, decreased concentration, poor memory, muscle and body aches etc.
Treatment
: Hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine
Your body constantly produces new cells. Normal cells follow a typical cycle: They grow, divide and die. Cancer cells, on the other hand, don't follow this cycle. Instead of dying, they multiply and continue to reproduce other abnormal cells. So, as a tumour gets bigger, cancer cells can spread to surrounding tissues and structures by pushing on normal tissue beside the tumour. Cancer cells also make enzymes that break down normal cells and tissues as they grow. Cancer that grows into nearby tissue is called local invasion or invasive cancer.
3) a glacier because a river would be a V shape, mud flow would cause the valley to have flat bottom
Proteins are polymers composed of repeating units of amino acids, linked via peptide bonds (bonds between the amine and carboxyl groups of the adjacent amino acids). All proteins have a primary, secondary and tertiary structure and some, such as haemoglobin, have a quaternary structure.
Primary structure of the proteins are the sequence of amino acids and their order. The "R" regions of the amino acids determine the proteins secondary tertiary and quaternary structures.
In the secondary structure, the protein folds into either an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet. This occurs due to hydrogen bonding between the "R" group of the amino acids.
The tertiary structure gives the protein its 3D shape. Here it is folded further and more bonds (such as disulphide bonds) also form.
In the quaternary structure, prosthetic groups (e.g. a haem group for haemoglobin) is added. If the protein has more than one protein chains, here the chains join to form the final protein.
