In the forbes article, kotlikoff explains that saving and investing decisions should be guided by strategies that maximize expected utility.
Saving can mean a variety of things to various people. Some believe that it requires making a bank deposit. Investing in stocks or making contributions to a retirement plan are some more definitions. Conversely, according to economists, saving is the act of using less of a specific amount of resources today in order to consume more later. So, the choice to delay consumption and put that delayed consumption in an asset is what is meant by saving.
Saving is either deferred consumption or revenue that is not spent. Putting money aside in various accounts, such as a savings account, a pension account, an investment fund, or in cash, counts as a saving strategy. In order to save, expenses like recurrent charges must be reduced.
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It's 16.282. ok I don't think for sure though
Answer:
D. international diversification
Explanation:
The Multinational corporations can reduce their risk by international diversification and reduced risk can increase debt capacity of MNC. The higher capacity to meet scheduled debt payment also reduces cost of capital.
The effect of international diversification on capital structure can be explained through
1. Co-insurance effect: Combining businesses with international firms provides reduction in operating risk and thereby increase debt capacity. This helps MNCs to include more debts in their capital structure.
2. Transaction cost theory. Internationalization is a way of internatilize intangible assets. Since intangible assets are not difficult to sale , international diversification helps MNCs to exploit their intangible assets. So MNCs with an eye of international diversification will try to develop these type of assets in their asset base.
3.Agency cost argument: MNCs will have high agency costs Diversification helps to reduce these agency costs International diversification creates larger markets and generates growth opportunities. Growth opportunities and debt ratios are inversely proportional .MNCs with higher growth opportunities will rely on equity rather than debt.
False. Interest rates rise as the expected inflation also increases.