Virginia Plan: (option 1) Congress members elected based on population. i.e. the Congress members should have a number of votes based on the population.
New Jersey Plan: (Option 2) Congress members elected by state. It opposed the Virginia Plan, so the Congress members should have the same number of votes.
3/5 Compromise: (Option 3) how slaves were counted. Three out of every five slaves were counted toward state populations and for taxation.
Checks and Balances: (option 4) prevents one part of the government from being too strong. It implies the division of control among government organizations, such as a judiciary, a legislature, and an executive.
Federal System: (option 5) divided power between states and nation. It implies a strong national government and smaller local governments.
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Restrict the ability of African Americans to obtain voting rights.
The black community had less access to education than whites even after slavery was ended; thus their literacy rates were lower. They also experienced much poverty because of prejudice against them in the economic system of the country, so poll taxes could keep them from going to the polls to vote. The "grandfather clauses" were exemptions granted by some states to those whose forefathers ("grandfathers") had full voting rights prior to the Civil War, so if there were poor or illiterate whites, they could vote freely while blacks (whose ancestors had been slaves) were subjected to the laws restricting their voting ability.
These sorts of restrictions against black voters prompted much of the activism of the civil rights movement that began in the middle of the 20th century.
Rationing was important to make sure no one got to much food. And because the supply of food was so little they had to rations. Goods rationed where eggs, milk, bread things like that