Absolutism is a form of government where one person or small group of people have unlimited power. The term "czar" means "caesar" ("king"), and therefore can be considered a type of absolute ruler. Ivan the Great of Russia (r.1462-1505) took the title of "czar" after marrying the niece of the last Byzantine empire. After the fall of Constantinople (and thus, the Byzantine Empire), Moscow became the most powerful city in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Thus, the "czar" of Russia would from then on claim to be the inheritor of the Byzantine emperor and protector of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Two rulers of Russia stand out as being "absolute rulers": Peter the Great (r.1682-1725) and Catherine the Great (r.1762-1796). Peter wanted to make Russia into a modern nation, and forced Russians to adopt European culture. To do this, Peter created a new class of nobles that were given land in exchange for their loyalty to the government. Nobles were given total control over their peasants, who saw their freedom decrease during Peter's rule. To reform the government, Peter created a centralized bureaucracy of non-elected advisers and local governments were placed under the direct control of the czar. Peter also brought the Orthodox Church under his authority and created a council of bishops appointed by him. While many of Peter's policies improved the Russian economy, he divided the Russian people. (See image: Courtesy of saint-petersburg.com)
Catherine the Great began her rule by seizing power from her own husband! Catherine greatly admired Peter I and continued to expand and modernize Russia. Many people consider Catherine's reign a golden age of Russia because she supported the arts, education, and culture. Despite being influenced by the European enlightenment, Catherine feared chaos and peasant uprisings were brutally crushed by her army. She allowed nobles to treat their serfs (peasants) however they wished. More peasants than ever were forced into serfdom than ever before, and their position worsened.
<span>it produced huge quantities of various goods for export.
C) it poured money into modernizing it's military technology.
D) it made effective use of its skilled and educated workers </span>
The Japanese government contributed to
the post-war Japanese economic miracle by stimulating private sector growth,
first by instituting regulations and protectionism that effectively managed
economic crises and expanded international trade
NO options provided, kindly let me elaborate some of the challenges the empire faced:
The otoman empire large size precipitated its downfall. After suleiman assasinated his son and chose a weak ruler instead the empire suffered from inadequate administration. The rulers also engaged in corruption. in addition, the lack of an elaborate succession plan, meant frequent civil wars resulting from fractricide. Eventually, the war involved the jannissaries,royal sons from the royal halem. The empire quickly disintegrated into economic problems.
Muhammad is the founder of the religion of Islam and he had a tolerant view towards Judaism and Christianity. People of those religions were considered "people of the book" and were given dhimmi status under Muslim rule. Muhammad viewed Judaism and Christianity as root monotheistic religions of the newer monotheistic religion to come, which was Islam.
Effects their economy, a country can go to total war which is when everything possible is given up if needed to help win the war
Also put them in debt after because they need to pay war reparations(damages after the war), basically the same as effecting the economy