The answer's D. Cretaceous.
The Old field succession is a man-made secondary succession that occurs when a farmer stops cultivating their field for a lengthy period of time.
The definition of old fields, which has been a topic of discussion among modern ecologists for some time, is that they are an intermediate stage in the natural succession of an ecosystem moving towards its climax community. Many times, old field sites are marginal lands with poor soil quality that are unfit for pasture or farming.
The terms "grass and forbs stage," "shrub and sapling stage," "pole stage," and "mature forest" are frequently used by foresters to describe these stages. Forest succession is the process by which plant communities develop in a regular, predictable manner.
When a farmer gives up on a farm, the abandoned land quickly becomes overgrown with weeds and grass.
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Mitochondria is the powerhouse of a cell so with that being said
If the deer had the humans as a natural predator instead of the wolves, than the deer population would be strictly regulated, thus having the approximately same number of individuals.
The reason for this will be that the deer will have a predator which will not kill it regularly, but only in certain times of the year, because only than will be allowed. Also, the deer that will be killed will be the grown individuals, not the young ones, thus the population will constantly remain balanced.
