Plasmodium is a monocellular parasite causing malaria to humans. The parasite's life cycle always includes two hosts, an insect host and a vertebrate host. The parasite's cells are injected into the vertebrate's (human in our case) bloodstream by the insect host (mosquito). There are several stages in its life cycle but the sexual reproduction occurs only in the insect. In the insect, gametocytes (haploid gametes) merge and form a zygote which in turn becomes an oocyst. Oocysts divide multiple times and that way a great number of sporozoites is produced. These sporozoites travel to the salivary gland of the mosquito and are injected into the bloodstream of the second host, the human. In humans, sporozoites infect liver cells and red blood cells.
According to this information, the four statements about Plasmodium which are true are:
-Plasmodium cells are transferred to human cells through mosquito saliva.
-The complete life cycle of Plasmodium requires two hosts.
-Plasmodium cells infect two specific types of cells in humans.
- Inside an infected mosquito haploid gametes fuse, forming a haploid zygote that develops into an oocyst.
The answer is C. Eukaryotes
1. Amino Acid
2. Polymerization
3. RNA
4. Carbohydrate
5. Hydrolysis
The conditions mentioned are both a type of sclerosis, which refers to the hardening of a certain anatomical feature.
In atherosclerosis, the affected <u>anatomical feature </u>is the artery. This is a condition that causes the <u>obstructions </u>of <u>blood flow </u>through the artery as a result of plaque buildup along the artery walls. Unlike with MS, atherosclerosis does not present symptoms until the obstructions are severe or the plaque loosens, which can lead to <em>heart attacks</em>, among other consequences.
In the case of Multiple Sclerosis, the affected anatomical structure is that of the nerve. This is a condition for unknown reasons, causes the <u>immune system </u>to attack the myelin covers of nerve cells which act to protect the cell. The absence of this cover causes the build-up of plaque along the nerve axon, <u>stiffening </u>and <u>disrupting </u>the communication of the nerves with the central nervous system.
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