Answer: They can be either of the same species (intraspecific interactions), or of different species (interspecific interactions). These effects may be short-term, like pollination and predation, or long-term; both often strongly influence the evolution of the species involved. A long-term interaction is called a symbiosis.
Explanation:
- B
Explanation:
Due to that is the answer to the question
Answer:
a. inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that converts cAMP to AMP.
Explanation:
The phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that are capable of breaking phosphodiester bonds such as those between nucleotides in nucleic acids. The Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in intracellular signaling pathways. This molecule (cAMP) is hydrolyzed by the cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase, which catalyzes the enzymatic breakdown of phosphodiester bonds (i.e., hydrolyzing cAMP to 5-AMP). The cAMP levels are modulated by the balance between its generation and the degradation via cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
The troposphere is shallowest or narrowest at the poles, and deepest or thickest at the equator. At the geographic North and South Poles, the troposphere reaches only 4 miles high, while at the equator, it extends nearly 12 miles high.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area where they’re at a higher concentration to areas that have a lower concentration - goo gle
