Answer:
Answer is D - cAMP.
Explanation:
cAMP is a small molecule that functions as an intracellular signaling molecule - a second messenger. The first messenger would be the thing that activated the GPCR (e.g. a hormone). The GPCR is a signal transducer (converts extracellular signal to intracellular signal). Once activated, the GPCR activates adenylate cyclase which can be called a signal effector - it is an enzyme that produces cAMP.
The answer is B. The cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor
control centers are in the medulla. This means that the medulla controls heart
rate, blood pressure, breathing, and the size of the body's blood vessels. They
have chemoreceptors, pH sensing structures that detect levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and adjust the breathing rate accordingly.