Answer:
(a)
Assuming the one-time pad P is used to XOR the message M to get ciphertext C, the following holds:
M ⊕ P = C
P = C ⊕ M
this is a basic property of how XOR works.
(b)
P = M1 ⊕ C1
then M2 = C2 ⊕ P
(c)
The attacker can make assumptions about the message (e.g., presence of certain words and spaces) and then calculate which pad would be needed to get them in the ciphertexts. He then has two ciphertexts that should yield valid content, making it much more easy to guess the pad.
Explanation:
Inserting<span> Clip Art. Choose the location where you want to </span>insert<span> the clip art. You can </span>insert<span> clip art in any worksheet cell or in the header or footer. To select a header or footer in </span>Excel<span> 2003, select "Page Setup" from the File menu and then click the Header/Footer tab on the Page Setup dialog.</span>
Answer:
Garbage in, garbage out
Explanation:
Garbage in, garbage out is the famous saying among computer programmers that incorrect, poor-quality, flawed, or nonsense input will produce incorrect, poor-quality, flawed, or nonsense output while correct, good quality or valuable input will produce correct, good quality or valuable output. it is basically saying that computers cannot tell the difference between good and bad data.
Answer:
Line 8 gives a compiller Error
Explanation:
In line 8, the statement: if (number >= 0 && <= 100) will give a compiller error because when using the logical and (&&) It is required to state the same variable at both sides of the operator. The correct statement would be
if (number >= 0 && number <= 100). The complete corrected code is given below and it will display the output "passed"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int number = 5;
if (number >= 0 && number <= 100)
cout << "passed.\n";
else
cout << "failed.\n";
return 0;
}
Answer:
NULL.
Explanation:
We can create a pointer that points to NULL.There is no problem in doing that you will not get any error.It means that the pointer right now points to nothing or 0.Look at this example for better explanation:-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int *p=NULL;
cout<<p;
return 0;
}
The output of this program is 0.
