Answer:
Reciprocal altruism is one of the altruism behaviors in which an individual organism helps in increasing the fitness of another organism by reducing the fitness of itself temporarily in expectation of the same behavior from another organism in the future later.
It takes place in the same set of organism partners which is a continuous interaction ion in stable groups of organisms.
Thus, the correct answer would be - an ongoing interaction in the same set of partners.
Condensation, because when water vapor turns into water again it needs to release energy to do so. Its like turning ice into water again.
I hope this helped ^_^
0-4 degrees Celsius, below which bacteria grow very slowly. This is the same as refrigerator temperature.
Please use __________ to indicate fill-in-the-blank questions.
Otherwise the question could end up being deleted for incomplete question.
Answer:
Early cyanobacteria in stromatolites are thought to be responsible for increasing the amount of oxygen in the primeval Earth's atmosphere through their continuing photosynthesis. They were the first known organisms to photosynthesize and produce free oxygen.
Hope this helps!!!
The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
The cell membrane is primarily composed of a mix of proteins and phospholipids
Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes. They a head and a tail. The head is hydrophilic (attracted to water) and the tail is hydrophobic (repelled by water).
They form a bilayer in which their hydrophilic heads face the aqueous cytosol and extracellular fluid while their hydrophobic tails face away from the cytosol and extracellular fluid.
The lipid bilayer is semi - permeable
