Answer:
it can be found in higher plants and embryonic stem cells in animals
Answer: These may be:
- physical defenses (1st line)
- chemical defenses (2nd line)
Explanation:
Plants employ several methods in order to defend themselves from pathogens. These may be physical defenses or chemical ones. Several have adaptations to their surfaces that prevent the entry of pathogens, called physical barriers such as
- thick waxy cuticles
- thorns, which are modified plant branches
- spines, which are modified plant leaves
- gall production at infected sites to prevent pathogenic spread
Chemical defenses include the production or secretion of:
- defensins
- antimicrobials such as tannins or resins
- gum at areas facing pathogenic attacks
Answer:
2 : 1
Explanation:
- The surface area of the cube;
Area of one (1) side * 6 sides = 3 *3 * 6 = 54 cm²
Length * Width * Height = 3 * 3 * 3 = 27 cm³
- Surface area – to – volume ratio;
54 : 27 = 2 : 1
