Islamic scholars expertly gathered data and ordered it so that people could easily understand and reference information through various texts. They also summarized many Greek and Roman writings, compiling encyclopedias. Rather than being a subject in its own right, medicine was part of medieval Islamic culture.
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Fascism is a complex ideology. There are many definitions of fascism; some people describe it as a type or set of political actions, a political philosophy or a mass movement. Most definitions agree that fascism is authoritarian and promotes nationalism at all costs, but its basic characteristics are a matter of debate.
Western Europe 1450-1750 the Roman Catholic church would no longer maintain its unity as a result of the Protestant Reformation ( new sects like Anclicanism,Lutheranism and Calvinism), Wars over religion (30yrs war) would see 1/3 of the population decimated, however reforms of the Catholic church (counter reformation)
I think its A.The U.S. economy was stronger than the economies of European countries. 3