Answer:
Hybridization may drive rare taxa to extinction through genetic swamping, where the rare form is replaced by hybrids, or by demographic swamping, where population growth rates are reduced due to the wasteful production of maladaptive hybrids. Conversely, hybridization may rescue the viability of small, inbred populations. Understanding the factors that contribute to destructive versus constructive outcomes of hybridization is key to managing conservation concerns. Here, we survey the literature for studies of hybridization and extinction to identify the ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors that critically affect extinction risk through hybridization. We find that while extinction risk is highly situation dependent, genetic swamping is much more frequent than demographic swamping. In addition, human involvement is associated with increased risk and high reproductive isolation with reduced risk. Although climate change is predicted to increase the risk of hybridization‐induced extinction, we find little empirical support for this prediction. Similarly, theoretical and experimental studies imply that genetic rescue through hybridization may be equally or more probable than demographic swamping, but our literature survey failed to support this claim. We conclude that halting the introduction of hybridization‐prone exotics and restoring mature and diverse habitats that are resistant to hybrid establishment should be management priorities.
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The FitnessGram Pacer Test is a multistage aerobic capacity test that progressively gets more difficult as it continues. Students begin at the starting line. Once the test begins, the running speed starts slowly, but gets faster each minute after you hear the signal (beep). A single lap (length of the basketball court), should be completed when you hear this signal (ding). The second time you fail to complete a lap before the sound, your test is over.
Answer: Moldova's residents rejected a proposal to unify this new nation with Romania in 1994. Moldova's hilly terrain slopes gradually in a southerly direction toward the Black Sea.
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its javanese tribe living in areas of java .....
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my name is sam hi
Answer:
The passenger aircraft would take 10.542 years to reach the Sun from the Earth.
The passenger aircraft would take years to reach the gallactic center.
Explanation:
The distance to the sun from the Earth is approximately equal to , if the passenger travels at constant speed, then the time needed to reach the sun is calculated by the following kinematic formula:
(1)
Where:
- Travelled distance, measured in kilometers.
- Speed of the passenger aircraft, measured in kilometers per second.
- Travelling time, measured in seconds.
If we know that and , then the travelling time is:
The passenger aircraft would take 10.542 years to reach the Sun from the Earth.
The distance between the Earth and the galactic center is approximately equal to . If the passenger travels at constant speed and if we know that and , then the travelling time is:
The passenger aircraft would take years to reach the gallactic center.