Explanation:
c.conduct heat and electricity well
A substitution missense affects only one codon, but a frameshift missense affects all codons downstream of the frameshift.
A frameshift mutation occurs during deletion of one of two nucleotides. The arrangement of codons downstream of the mutation will definitely change, hence it being called a frameshift mutation. On the other hand, a substitution mutation will only cause a change in one nucleotide of one codon.
Explanation:
A frameshift mutation causes new codons downstream of the mutation that will code for different amino acids hence changing the properties of the translated proteins. This will have great ramifications for the phenotype of the organism.
On the other hand, substitution mutation will only cause a change in the amino acid at that point of mutation during translation. This will not have a drastic change in the protein hence will not be as lethal as a frameshift mutation.
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100% or all the males will express mutant allele.
Human X and Y chromosomes, with XX indicating female and XY indicating male, establish a person's biological sex. The Y chromosome is substantially shorter and has a lot less number of genes than the X chromosome, but they do share a minor region of similarity that allows them to mate during meiosis.
What is X-linked ineheritance:
- A pair of sex chromosomes—XY in men and XX in females—determine biological sex in humans and other mammals.
- X-linked genes are those that are found on the X chromosome. Males and females (XX) have different numbers of X-linked genes, which results in distinct inheritance patterns (XY).
- Due to the X-linked inheritance pattern, X-linked human genetic disorders are much more prevalent in males than in females.
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A heterozygous species contain one dominant and one recessive allele. A cross between a purebred tall and short plant will result in 100% tall offspring. Thus, option d is correct.
<h3>What is a genetic cross?</h3>
A genetic cross is a representation of the gametes produced by the two parent species that will undergo the process of fertilization to produce offspring. The crosses can include the heterozygous and purebred species.
The TT allele is a purebred allele that codes for tallness, whereas the tt allele is a purebred recessive allele that codes for shortness. The cross between TT and tt is attached to the image below.
From the cross, it can be said that all the offspring produced are heterozygous tall as there are no offspring with purebred dominant and recessive alleles.
Therefore, option D. 100% of offspring are tall.
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Secretion from the salivary glands is driven by osmosis following the establishment of osmotic gradients between the lumen, the cell and the interstitium by active ion transport.
The major pathway into saliva for most steroid hormones and other small, neutral molecules is by passive diffusion. The salivary glands are surrounded by dense beds of capillaries, and many blood components pass easily through the capillary walls, bathing the saliva glands.
