Explanation:
The liver produces enzymes to aid in <u>digestion.</u>
During digestion, food is chemically and mechanically broken down into into smaller particles. This begins in the mouth, where food is mechanically crushed,and mixed with saliva to allow water based enzymes like lingual lipase to work; next in the stomach the enzyme gastric lipase acts on lipids, breaking them up into their components. Then phospholipids, bile acids, bilirubin, and cholesterol are combined into bile in the liver, which when secreted into the duodenum of the small intestine; this comes from its storage site, the gall bladder, and functions as an emulsifier or as a detergent. These hold the fats and water together and increase the surface area of lipids,which can be further digested by enzymes so the nutrients are further broken down for absorption into the bloodstream.
Lipids, such as fats, oils, waxes and hormones are present in the diet in the form of triglycerides or triacylglycerols. In humans, these take up large fractions of daily calorie intake and a major form of efficient storage of metabolic energy. Triglycerides typically comprise three fatty acid as linked to a molecule of glycerol. While they may occur and other cells, like the liver’s epithelium and skeletal muscle, in small amounts triacyglycerols are mostly found in adipose cells; their droplets tend to form large globules within the cell cytoplasm, and take up most of the sub cellar space. Adipocytes function as sites for triglyceride synthesis and metabolism, to produce energy molecules which are transported to other tissues via the circulatory system.
Lipids, hydrolysed during digestion to form free fatty acid molecules and monoacylglycerol and are seen as calorie rich. Calories are the amount of energy stored in food measured as the specific amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by 1°C. These calories within food are obtained from nutrients processed mechanically and chemically into smaller compounds; they are then converted into energy molecules called ATP or add a nose andinosine triphosphate. ATP produced via several complex pathways in the body like cellular respiration, and is crucial to the survival of cells, tissues and organisms.
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