What is the outermost layer of the wall of the heart called

1 answer:

3 0

The wall of the heart consists of three layers: the epicardium (external layer), the myocardium (middle layer) and the endocardium (inner layer). The epicardium is the thin, transparent outer layer of the wall and is composed of delicate connective tissue.

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The opening of calcium ions channels facilitates the migration of vesicles containing neurotransmitters in the pre-synaptic neurons to the tip of the post-synaptic membrane. at the neuromuscular junction These neurotransmitters can either be cholinergic or non-chorlinergic. At the tip of the pre-synaptic membranes the vesicles empty their neurotransmitter contents into the synapse.

The neurotransmitters, diffuse through the neuromuscular junction to bind with the receptors on the post-synaptic membrane on the post-synaptic neuron. This stimulates opening of ligand gated sodium ions, and sodium ions diffuse into the post-synaptic neuronal membrane, to cause depolarization. if the stimulus is up to the threshold levels it generate action potential.

Therefore , more calcium ions channels opening produces; more diffusion of neurotransmitters;leading to opening of more sodium channels for depolarization; and IPSP or EPSP generation.

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