The answer is red blood cells
2. detritivores are decomposes because they consume other material to break it down.
3. need to see the image on p.591 to answer but a producer is a type of plant that supplies energy to a first level consumer, a detritivore would be a type of fungi that is pictured because fungi break down materials.
4. the first box is mutualism. second box is commensalism. third box is parasitism.
Answer:
Since the beginning of life of the first multicellular organisms, the preservation of a physiologic milieu for every cell in the organism has been a critical requirement. A particular range of osmolality of the body fluids is essential for the maintenance of cell volume. In humans the stability of electrolyte concentrations and their resulting osmolality in the body fluids is the consequence of complex interactions between cell membrane functions, hormonal control, thirst, and controlled kidney excretion of fluid and solutes. Knowledge of these mechanisms, of the biochemical principles of osmolality, and of the relevant situations occurring in disease is of importance to every physician. This comprehensive review summarizes the major facts on osmolality, its relation to electrolytes and other solutes, and its relevance in physiology and in disease states with a focus on dialysis-related considerations.
A disturbance that happens repeatedly, as part of a cycle such as the classical economic cycle of boom, bust, revoery, boom, bust, recovery is your answer
