When you compare newly proposed information to information you already know, you are using inference, which is a level of critical thinking.
Etymologically, the word "infer" means to "carry ahead." Inferences are information stages in reasoning that connect premises to logical conclusions. The dichotomy between deduction and induction in inference theory, which dates at least to Aristotle in Europe, is a classic one (300s BCE). Deduction is inference that results in logical conclusions from premises inference that are known to be true or that are presumed to be true, while the logic of correct inference is investigated. A universal conclusion is inferred by induction from specific evidence.
Inference is studied in many different domains. Researchers in the information domains of logic, argumentation studies, and cognitive psychology inference traditionally study human inference (i.e., how people draw conclusions); artificial intelligence researchers create automated inference systems to mimic human inference.
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<span>A rational ethical egoist
would advocate for people to pursue their own interest for it is in pursuing
our own interests that we contribute to the advancement of society. Progress in
human society lies in people pursuing their own interest and in competing which
has resulted in innovations and technological development,</span>
The exercise here is about an explanatory essay. See the steps below on how to write an explanatory essay.
<h3>What is an explanatory essay?</h3>
An explanatory essay is an essay that sees to provide in-depth explanations regarding a topic or idea.
It must have a:
- A captivating introduction
- A body that comprises of various paragraphs holding different points which serve to buttress the claim indicated tin the introduction
- A concise and accurate conclusion that is void of verbiage and which restates the claim.
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Answer:
1. Students should explain that observational learning theory predicts that Mr. Wright's children will imitate both his actions and his excuses. Observational learning studies indicate that observational learning will occur most powerfully when the actions and words of models are consistent; when models do one thing and say another, children will do what they see adults do and say what they hear adults say. Students should advise Mr. Wright to provide an effective model to his children by actually donating time and money to charity and continuing by talk about why this is important. This model is more likely to increase the chances of his children learning this behavior through observational learning.
2. UCS- alcohol
UCR- sense of well-being
CS- smell of alcohol
CR- sense of well-being
-alcohol (UCS) causes the UCR; UCS naturally and automatically cause (UCR) a sense of well-being, without any previous conditioning
-since the smell of alcohol is paired repeatedly with actual alcohol (UCS), it is likely to eventually elicit the UCR (sense of well-being)
—sense of well-being is the UCR to the UCS of alcohol, the smell of alcohol (CS) is likely to eventually elicit the CR of a sense of well-being
-the presentation of the CS (smell of alcohol) without the UCS (alcohol), with repeated pairings, will eliminate the conditioned response (CR). Therefore, extinction has taken place.
3. OC: stimulus (S) —> response (R) —> reinforcement (R1)
-some psychoactive drugs produce a tolerance effect. Drug users need to take increasing doses of the drug to achieve the same physiological effect. Tolerance leads to withdrawal symptoms.
-any drug that produces tolerance leads to withdrawal symptoms. Drug users experience extremely negative symptoms when they are without the drug (strokes, night sweats)
-drug addicts might use psychiatric drugs to alleviate withdrawal symptoms. Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus (elimination/reduction of withdrawal symptoms when an addict uses a drug again). This negative reinforcement increases the likelihood that the drug addict will use the drug again.
Explanation:
Answer:
the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioural decisions and attitude change.
Cognitive dissonance is a concept in social psychology. It is the discomfort felt by a person who holds conflicting ideas, beliefs or values at the same time. Cognitive dissonance theory says that people have a bias to seek consonance between their expectations and reality.
Explanation:
Cognitive dissonance can make people feel uneasy and uncomfortable, particularly if the disparity between their beliefs and behaviors involves something that is central to their sense of self. For example, behaving in ways that are not aligned with your personal values may result in intense feelings of discomfort.
