The federal bureaucracy is part of the executive branch as stated by Article II of the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution declares that the Cabinet's role is to advise the President on any duties respective to each cabinet members department. There are 15 executive departments which make up the bureaucracy such as the Defense Department, State Department, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Commerce, and others.
It depends on what prism one views this within.
At all levels, lawmakers propose a law and then it is voted on and the executive (mayor, governor, president) puts it into law.
What can be different is who makes up the legislative body. Most often, local government only has one legislative body. Think a city council. This differs from State & Federal governments, which are often bicameral with a Senate and a House of Representatives.
The practical effect of this is that at the local level, as to be expected, less people are involved in the decision making process making the impact of a single city councilperson more effective.
On the back end, local government has less of an administrative state to consider in terms of implementation.
Answer:
This drop can be explained by the phenomenon of social loafing.
Explanation:
Social loafing is a term in social psychology used to describe a phenomenon that takes place when individuals work in groups. It refers to a tendency people in general have of making less effort when working with others than they would while working on their own.
Social loafing offers an explanation as to why groups can be less efficient and less productive than individual work. It is as if people feel they do not need to put in as much effort as they would normally simply because they are aware of the efforts others are making.
That could also explain the drop in contributions described in the passage. Upon seeing the total contribution of all members, individuals will understand they do not need to contribute as much. Their effort is not being distinguished from the group effort. On the other hand, if the contributions of individuals are published, their effort will be acknowledged individually, which serves as motivation.
Answer:
Explanation:
La exploración intensiva a la que se está sometiendo el planeta Marte nos está revelando gran cantidad de datos sobre sus propiedades y sobre su pasado. Sin embargo, existen dos grandes incógnitas por desvelar: ¿cuáles fueron las diferencias que provocaron que el planeta sea tan distinto de la Tierra? ¿Existe o ha existido actividad biológica en el planeta rojo? Especialmente revelador es el estudio comparativo de ambos planetas.
Desde la distancia, la Tierra y Marte nos muestra profundas diferencias. En el primer caso, dominan blancos y azules, correspondientes a las nubes y a los océanos, y los marrones de los continentes. Por tanto, la existencia de agua en sus diferentes estados (sólido en los casquetes polares, líquido en los mares y gaseoso en la atmósfera) es evidente. Y la presencia de agua sugiere, de manera casi inmediata, la existencia de vida. De hecho, incluso desde satélites en órbita es posible apreciar la intensa actividad biológica del planeta, como es el caso de las banquisas antárticas o el cambio estacional de la superficie forestal.
