Answer:
C. pioneer species begin the process of succession
Explanation:
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory. The presence of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels near excitatory synapses on dendritic spines suggests their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. However, whether activity-dependent regulation of channels affects excitatory synaptic plasticity is unknown. In a companion article we have reported activity-dependent regulation of GIRK channel density in cultured hippocampal neurons that requires activity oF receptors (NMDAR) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and takes place within 15 min. In this study, we performed whole-cell recordings of cultured hippocampal neurons and found that NMDAR activation increases basal GIRK current and GIRK channel activation mediated by adenosine A(1) receptors, but not GABA(B) receptors. Given the similar involvement of NMDARs, adenosine receptors, and PP1 in depotentiation of LTP caused by low-frequency stimulation that immediately follows LTP-inducing high-frequency stimulation, we wondered whether NMDAR-induced increase in GIRK channel surface density and current may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying this specific depotentiation. Remarkably, GIRK2 null mutation or GIRK channel blockade abolishes depotentiation of LTP, demonstrating that GIRK channels are critical for depotentiation, one form of excitatory synaptic plasticity.
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Answer: <u>The exocrine glands hormones could be ions, enzymes mucins, water or chemical compounds that aid in the normal functioning in the human body. The glands that are exocrine are multicellular or unicellular, based on the degree of complexity of the glands as well as their function. Some examples of these are the liver and the Salivary glands. </u><em>Endocrine glands are referred to as hormones. are released by cells in an interstitial liquid. Then, they disperse into the bloodstream, without having to pass through the canal system. The endocrine glands are responsible for monitoring the long-term activity of the body and affect the general metabolism and development in the human body. Some examples of these are the Pituitary Gland and the Adrenal Gland.</em>
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<span>Gametogenesis is the process of forming gametes (by definition haploid, n) from diploid cells of the germ line. Spermatogenesis is the process of forming sperm cells by meiosis (in animals, by mitosis in plants) in specialized organs known as gonads (in males these are termed testes).</span>
The reason why socialist governments often turn authoritarian are:
- Having too much power eventually corrupts the holder.
- When resistance builds, they try to suppress it because they feel socialism is the best way.
<h3>Why does socialism sometimes become authoritarianism?</h3>
Socialist governments tend to have too much power vested in the Executive in order to properly plan the economy. As a result, they often get corrupted because their power is inhibited.
When this corruption leads to inefficiency, authoritarianism is introduced to ensure that the citizens cannot overthrow the government which wants to keep power.
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