Answer:
Some of the oligopoly effects are discussed as follows:
i. Restriction on output:
Implies that oligopoly results in small output and high prices as compared to other market structures, such as perfect competition.
ii. Price exceeds average costs:Implies that under oligopoly, there are restrictions on entry of new organizations. Thus, organizations charge prices more than the average costs. Therefore, consumers have to pay more in case of oligopoly market.
iii. Lower Efficiency:
Leads to non-optimum levels of output. This is because the output produced under oligopoly depends on the market share held by the organization. Thus, the oligopoly organizations fail to build the optimum scales of economies and achieve optimum output.
iv. Selling Costs:
Refer to high promotional costs. The oligopolists engage in high promotion tasks to take the share of its rivals. Thus, the resources are wasted in form of high selling costs which do not add to the satisfaction of customers.
Apart from aforementioned points, oligopoly shows the poor performance from various other angles. From the point of economic welfare, it fails to satisfy customers since the price charged is very high, even more than average costs. In addition, sometimes oligopolists may face wasteful fluctuations in output as the output is not determined optimally.
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Answer: a) It captures the full price that customers might be willing to pay for a product.
Explanation:
The cost-plus pricing method involves using the total cost to come up with a selling price by simply adding a markup that the company would like as profit to the total cost of the product per unit and then selling it at that price.
It is easy to justify to stakeholders, simplifies pricing processes and is quite easy to measure or estimate.
It however does not capture how much a customer may be willing to pay for for a good as it is based on the company's expenses and preferred profit.
Not listening to people
not paying attention
being late
no doing as instructed
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