There are two basic types of ER. Both rough ER and smooth ER have the same types of membranes but they have different shapes. Rough ER looks like sheets or disks of bumpy membranes while smooth ER looks more like tubes. Rough ER is called rough because it has ribosomes attached to its surface.
<span>The double membranes of smooth and rough ER form sacs called </span>cisternae. Protein molecules are synthesized and collected in the cisternal space/lumen<span>. When enough proteins have been synthesized, they collect and are pinched off in </span>vesicles<span>. The vesicles often move to the Golgi apparatus for additional protein packaging and distribution. </span>
Smooth ER (SER)<span> acts as a storage organelle. It is important in the creation and storage of lipids and </span>steroids<span>. Steroids are a type of ringed organic molecule used for many purposes in an organism. They are not always about building the muscle mass of a weight lifter. Cells in your body that release oils also have more SER than most cells. </span><span>
God Bless:)</span>
Amniocentesis or amniotic fluid test or AFT refers to the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections. It is performed after 16 weeks of pregnancy. The fetal DNA from a small amount of cells from the amniotic fluid of the amniotic sac is sampled for genetic abnormalities by inserting a needle and extracting it. The fluid contains cells that are sloughed off by the fetus. They are separated from the amniotic fluid, grown in a culture and then microscopically examined for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities. The test is a reliable indicator of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down’s syndrome, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, rh diseasetrisomy 13, trisomy 18, fragile X, Tay-Sachs disease, Hunter's syndrome and other metabolic disorders.
Cytokinesis is a physical division of two cells. While other phases include some changes inside the cells, cytokinesis takes place at the end of the division and means only<span> cell division into two identical daughter cells by forming two membranes around each set of chromosomes.</span>
Explanation:
<em>Immunological memory</em> is the property of the immune system to store information about a stimulus so it can mount an effective response if it encounters the same stimulus again being this second response quicker and stronger even after years since the first encounter.
This kind of response is dependent on many subpopulations within T and B lymphocytes and NK cells. When encountering an antigen, B cells recognize it by membrane antibody specifically binding to the antigen and then being activated to expand rapidly with their progeny clones differentiating into plasma and memory B cells, these last ones have a long life span to remain in the body, ready when another encounter with the same stimulus occurs, this is how the basis for effective immunizations happens.
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