The fundamental characteristic of this century is that it is a period of great changes. Science and economics would be fed back, the term 'scientific', coined in 1833 by William Whewell, would be a fundamental part of the language of the time; the economy would suffer two strong industrial revolutions, the first occurred between 1750 and 1840, and the second between 1880 and 1914. In politics, the new ideas of the previous century would lay the foundations for bourgeois revolutions, revolutions that would expand the world through the imperialism and seek an alliance with the workers' movement to which, to avoid their triumph, they would cede universal suffrage; in philosophy, the principles of most contemporary currents of thought, such as absolute idealism, dialectical materialism, nihilism and nationalism, would arise; Art would take time to initiate the avant-garde process but would be cemented in movements such as Impressionism. At the end of this century came cinematography and animation thanks to the great technological advances of the time.
The migration suffered because of the industrial revolution caused great demographic and housing problems in the big cities. The great challenge was then, to be able to absorb that labor force and give it a good quality of life. With all these major changes, so-called class struggles and large social movements arose, which had as their objective to reclaim the ruling class for the minimum rights of the people.
