Refugees are those who seek refuge or help. They travel to other countries because they fear for their lives. They wanted to live in a place where their human rights are not violated.
Migrants are those who decided to seek employment elsewhere. They leave their places of origin to look for work abroad. They do not leave in fear of their lives.
Refugees and Migrants are not the same when it comes to their reason of leaving their places of origin. But they should be given equal opportunities to better their lives in the place they chose to settle in.
The industrial revolution made an impact on Europe creating growth in the social and economic systems by building a rapid growing urbanization resulting in:
increase on population
change of lifestyle (labor)
Scientific innovation and technology improvements
Increase in capital ($,banking systems)
Resources (materials)
Overall, it has evolved to make drastic positive changes and status.
Answer:
I think it's the second one
According to calculations employing specific material strengths (such as yield strength, Fy, or ultimate strength), nominal strength is the ability of a structure or component to resist the effects of loads.
What is nominal capacity of the beam?
- Using the forces in the beam's segments at equilibrium, the nominal moment capacity of an RC beam is calculated.
- On the nominal moment capacity under fire, the benefit of circulating cool water and covering concrete is evaluated.
How do you calculate reinforced concrete beams?
The numbers must be multiplied by 1.65 - 0.0003wc but not less than 1.09 for lightweight concrete with equilibrium density (between 1440 and 1840 kg/m3).
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