A person who rules for life or by hereditary right: Monarch
To change or improve something by correcting faults or removing abuses: Reform
A secular intellectual and cultural movement based on ancient Greek and Roman philosophy: Humanism
Information or learning based on actual observation and experiment: Empirical
Political system whose ruler is unchecked and absolute: Absolutism
Anything that is not spiritual or religious in nature: Secular
Explanation:
A person who rules due to hereditary right is a monarch. This is a synonym of king. Rulers such as monarch can sometimes govern within the political system of absolutism, in which they have total power.
The movement of humanism became prevalent in Europe after the Middle Ages. This way of thinking emphasized human questions as opposed to religious or supernatural ones. It led to a rise in secular art. It also motivated a reform in the church and the government. Finally, this movement led to the Scientific Revolution, which celebrated empirical knowledge as opposed to dogma.
