Color patterns can be thought of as mosaics of different-sized, form, brilliant, and colored patches. A number of natural conditions, including ambient light, watercolor, viewing distance, and the visual capabilities of guppies and three of their predators, were used to assess how noticeable guppy color patterns were.
A particular color pattern element (patch reflectance )'s spectrum, the medium's transmission spectrum, and the ambient light spectrum that strikes the patch all interact to determine the light spectrum that reaches the eye's surface (air or water).
The light at distance x from the patch that reaches the eye at any given wavelength, I, is the result: Q(& x) is the photon flux from the patch reaching the eye (patch radiance), and Q(A) is the photon flux of ambient light incident on the patch.
Predation intensity varies spatially with guppy color patterns, which are influenced by the make-up of the predator communities (Endler, 1978). As a result, calculations were made independently for the color patterns of guppies that are unique to three different predator communities.
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Answer:
The independent variable is "controlled" or held constant in the control group. A single experiment may include multiple experimental groups, which may all be compared against the control group. The purpose of having a control is to rule out other factors which may influence the results of an experiment.
Explanation:
The seahorse is an unusual example of a <u>Hippocampus </u><span>species because the male incubates the eggs in a pouch before giving birth to fully formed live offspring.
Seahorses belong to the phylum of chordates, and species called Hippocampus. </span>
