1 is c 2 is d 3 is a 4 is b
Answer:
The shape of an enzyme determines which reaction it can catalyze.
Explanation:
Each enzyme is specific to one type of reaction. According to the structure of each enzyme, it has an active site capable of binding to a specific substrate, so the shape of the enzyme determines the type of reaction to be catalyzed.
Once the reaction occurs, the enzyme releases the product of the reaction and the enzyme is available for another reaction.
Regarding the other options:
- <em>The shape of an enzyme no depends on the reaction that it needs to catalyze.
</em>
- <em>Due to their specificity, enzymes can only catalyze one reaction at a time</em>
- <em>The shape of the enzyme is not altered after the reaction.</em>
This argument would not be valid because it fails to take into account the <u>mechanisms </u><u>through which </u><u>evolution </u><u>occurs</u> and misunderstands the <u>second law </u><u>of </u><u>thermodynamics</u><u>.</u>
The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a system must always increase. The argument stating that this law disproves evolution given that evolution can be considered as a <u>decrease in entropy</u>, fails to realize that the <em><u>second law</u></em> states that the <u>total entropy </u>must increase, this does not mean that entropy cannot decrease at one point, to then increase more so at another.
The other aspect of evolution that this argument fails to account for is that evolution is a chaotic process. Evolution, though having a final product that may be considered as increasing in organization, is at heart <u>a </u><u>chaotic process </u><u>caused by</u><u> random mutations</u><u> and the fragile process of </u><u>natural selection</u><u>.</u> Therefore, rather than disprove it, the<em><u> second law of thermodynamics</u></em> is actually the driving force behind continued evolution.
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D) Methanogen is the awnser
Enzymes are (usually) specific to the substrates they bind to. Thus, each enzyme has one and only one substrate structure they can metabolize, so even substrates with similar structures cannot be broken down by an enzyme specific to one of them.