During the Medieval period, Hamburg was the center of trades that was part of the Hanseatic league. The correct option among all the options given in the question is option "D". The Hanseatic League was a group that was created with the intention of forming a defensive and commercial confederation of merchant guilds along with their market towns.
Luckily, geography is split into two main areas that make it easier to wrap your head around: Physical geography looks at the natural processes of the Earth, such as climate and plate tectonics. Human geography looks at the impact and behavior of people and how they relate to the physical world.
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There are several reasons why demilitarization was such an important part of the postwar program for Japan, but in general it was Japan had been extremely destructive for over a century.