Baron de Montesquieu: - Born in France - Basis of Ideals formed Branches of Government - Separation of govt. powers - Checks and Balances; One part of the govt. should stop the other. - Defended equality - Believed all things were made up of rules/laws that are not to be changed Cesare Beccaria: - Born in Italy - Basis of Ideals in 8th amendment; Prisoner's rights. - Promoted criminal justice - Against torture and Capital punishiment - Punishments should be for deterrence not vengeance - Trials should be fair - Cruel and unusual punishments should be abolished Both: - Influential Enlightenment thinkers - worked with govt.
