This is an example of a degradation ceremony.
A degradation ceremony is used to degrade the social status of a person with the aim of embarrassing her/him for having violated the rules, it is a way of punishing the person by removing their privileges and rights.
The correct answer is letter A
Quantitative research, which is predominantly hypothetical-deductive, begins with theory, which should be ideally articulated as a body of laws or universal generalizations. Hence a hypothesis is derived from the theory and tested against the note.