1. The separation of a substance into simpler substances or basic elements. 2. The process of decaying or rotting. Decomposition of dead organic matter is brought about by the activity of certain bacteria and fungi feeding on it.
The exposure of certain types of radiation
Answer:
Answer is criminal gang.
Explanation:
A gang can be explained or described as group of individuals coming together with a oneness of achieving a purpose. This purpose is usually achieved by illegal means, that is by violent behavior.
The criminal gang can be described as a gang which is characterized by theft, extortion and other illegal means as source of their income.
In this case, the young men that grow up in this type of environment , engage in those illegal way of making money to fend for themselves and families. And they usually buy things in order to impress and oppress, to lure other people into their way of making income.
This way as source of income is bad and always end badly.
The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
