In general, no, Mesopotamia did not fall because of attack from other empires, since it was primarily due to the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers drying up that led to a lack of produce, and therefore a fall in the empire itself.
The main difference between the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire concerned the official religions they practiced. Whereas the Roman Empire was officially pagan up for most of its existence, the Byzantine Empire was Christian. The Byzantine Empire was the significant remnant of the Roman Empire that survived in southeastern Europe for a thousand years after the official fall of Rome in 476 CE. As noted, a key difference with Rome was that the Byzantine Empire was always Christian rather than pagan. This hardwired into Byzantium a lack of cultural openness to the kind of religious diversity that had helped classical Rome to expand and thrive.
Another important difference was the relative weakness of Byzantium vis-à-vis the Roman Republic's power in its heyday. While powerful in some ways, Byzantium did not function as a hegemonic cultural, political, and military superpower in the same way as did the classical Roman Empire. This had the downside of leaving western Europe vulnerable to attacks, particularly from Viking marauders, that would not have occurred under the Roman Empire, but this also created an upside in which the western Europeans were forced to create their own vibrant and flexible cultural, political, and military institutions and infrastructures in order to survive.
Byzantium remained crucially important, however, because it controlled Constantinople, the gateway to the Mediterranean as well the gateway to overland passages to Asia. This was a source of access to vital trade routes with the East that this remnant of the Roman empire safeguarded for western Europe. Unfortunately, however, unlike Rome in its heyday, Byzantium ultimately lacked military might to keep this territory from Muslim conquest.
<span>This question can refer to either first or second World Wars. In both cases it happened that 1) the immigrans and refugees went to other countries - such as Latin America, which affected those countries 2) almost all countries were affiliated with one or the other side - sending them ams for example 3) many other countries send their men to fight in those wars, which is why many Canadians and US-Americans fought and died in Europe</span>
The Spanish conquistadors believed them to be infidels. They would read them a note from the Pope in Spanish that they wouldn't understand in which they would proclaim that their land would now be Spanish because Spain is governed by one true God, and after that they would slaughter them if they wouldn't surrender.
Political parties are legally formed groups oriented to occupy political power. The power of each party is related to the number of elected candidates it possesses. Just as popularity is associated with the number of voters the party can muster. Power and popularity change over time according to their trajectories. The way parties are aligned with their electoral principles and commitments.
