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3 years ago

Describe both innate and acquired immune systems and the importance of vaccines.

Biology

1 answer:

lbvjy [14]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

Innate immunity is a non-specific immune system which provides defence against any pathogenic microorganism in early stages. It includes physical barrier such as skin, chemical barriers such as saliva, tears, et cetera, phagocytic cells such as macrophages, et cetera.

Acquired immune system is the one which develops after exposure to pathogen or antigen. It is highly specific in nature. It includes B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. It includes the production of antibodies.

Vaccines are used to develop acquired immunity in people. The process is termed as vaccination or immunisation. Heat-killed or weakened pathogen or antigen is inserted into a person after which a person develops antibodies and memory cells against that pathogen or disease. So, the immune system acts more vigorously against that pathogen in secondary infection.

Thus, a person becomes immunised.

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A scientist is comparing that outer layer of an onion cell to the outer layer of a human cell what is unique about the outer lay

EastWind [94]

Answer;

Unlike animal cells (such as cheek cells) the cell wall of an onion and other plants are made up of cellulose, which protects the cell and maintains its shape.

Explanation;

-The main structural differences between plant and animal cells lie in a few additional structures found in plant cells. These structures include: chloroplasts, the cell wall, and vacuoles.

-Plants cells have cell walls and other structures that differ from those of animals. Animal cells do not have cell walls and have different structures than plant cells. Plants have either no or very basic ability to sense.

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3 years ago

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Please help!! Can you figure out the modern spreading rate of the Mid- Atlantic ridge? Use that line to figure out how many kilo

bija089 [108]

Answer:

R = 16mm/y

Explanation:

Modern Spreading Rate (R) = distance the seafloor moved in km (d) / age in million years (t)

R = d/t

To calculate it in millimeters per year we need to convert it:

1 km = 1000 m

1 m = 100 cm

1cm = 10mm

1 km = 1,000,000 mm

The problem states that in 150 million years, there is a distance of 2400 km.

if 1 km ------- 1,000,000 mm

2400 km-------X = 2400,000,000 mm

If 1 million years -------1,000,000 years

150 my----X = 150,000,000 years

R = d/t

R = 2400,000,000 mm/150,000,000 y.

R = 16mm/y

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3 years ago

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Bogdan [553]

If a human system fails to function properly, what is the most likely result a disturbance in homeostasis

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Answer:

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