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Grace [21]
3 years ago
5

Describe both innate and acquired immune systems and the importance of vaccines.

Biology
1 answer:
lbvjy [14]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Innate immunity is a non-specific immune system which provides defence against any pathogenic microorganism in early stages. It includes physical barrier such as skin, chemical barriers such as saliva, tears, et cetera, phagocytic cells such as macrophages, et cetera.

Acquired immune system is the one which develops after exposure to pathogen or antigen. It is highly specific in nature. It includes B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. It includes the production of antibodies.

Vaccines are used to develop acquired immunity in people. The process is termed as vaccination or immunisation. Heat-killed or weakened pathogen or antigen is inserted into a person after which a person develops antibodies and memory cells against that pathogen or disease. So, the immune system acts more vigorously against that pathogen in secondary infection.

Thus, a person becomes immunised.

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Explain 4 ways that invasive species are spread by humans?
Iteru [2.4K]

Answer: They may be wind blown, rain splashed, carried by animals, or moved in soil or water. Almost all short-distance spread is through these natural dispersal mechanisms. In their home territory, short distance spread is rarely a problem because the resident plants and animals have evolved to coexist more or less peaceably.

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
What are the disadvantages of Human made materials?​
guapka [62]
Does not absorb moistures: Man-made fibres do not absorb sweat, trapping heat in our body. Rough feel: Man-made fibres may give the rough feel, making it unsuitable for pyjamas, underwear, etc. Some individuals are often prone to skin allergy, because of the dermatological action of Man-made fibres.
5 0
2 years ago
Would fibrous and cartilaginous joints be able to perform their functions if they had joint cavities? Explain.
Delvig [45]

The joint cavities are composed of two bones covered by the hyaline cartilage. The joint cavities allow for the movement of the two articulated bones. The fibrous and the cartilaginous bones have no joint cavities as they require little to no movement. These joints are connected tightly by the cartilage, such as in the spinal column. if the joint cavities were present in these joints, then these structures will not be held tightly and hence, they could not perform their function well.

Hence, the answer is 'the fibrous and cartilaginous joints will not be able to perform their function if they had joint cavities'.

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Will give BRAINLIEST
zavuch27 [327]

Answer:

A. Trapping energy from the sun in the earth's atmosphere

Explanation:

The gases in the atmosphere have detrimental role in the global climate. The greenhouse gases, such as the carbon dioxide and methane have the ability to trap heat into the atmosphere. the heat that is trapped is the one that is bounced back from the earth's surface and back into the space, but these gases manage to retain big portion of it. As more and more heat is trapped, the atmosphere gradually becomes warmer, resulting in global climate changes, and overall a warmer earth, thus having the effect of the greenhouse on the planet.

7 0
3 years ago
16. Consider the overall chemical reaction for cellular respiration.
RoseWind [281]

Answer:

Reactants of the cellular respiration process are:

1. C6H12O6

The phase reactant  is used: Glycolysis

Location: cell cytoplasm

In cellular respiration, the glucose is used up in the phase known as glycolysis which is performed in the cell cytoplasm that breaks the glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate.

2. 6O2

The phase reactant  is used: oxidative phosphorylation

Location: mitochondrial matrix

Oxidative phosphorylation is the phase of cellular respiration that forms the ATP by the transfer of the electron to the oxygen which reduced the oxygen to water.

Products of cellular respiration are -

1. 6CO2

The phase reactant  is used: Krebs cycle

Location: mitochondrial matrix

2. 6H2O

The phase reactant  is used: oxidative phosphorylation

Location: mitochondrial matrix inner membrane

3. 38ATP

The phase reactant  is used: oxidative phosphorylation, Glycolysis, Krebs cycle

Location: mitochondrial matrix, cell cytoplasm and inner membrane mitochondrial matrix

7 0
3 years ago
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